Influenza virus
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. In Norway, as in many countries, influenza is a significant public health concern, particularly during the winter months. Here's a comprehensive overview of influenza in Norway, including relevant facts and scientific aspects:
Influenza Types
- Seasonal Influenza: The most common form of influenza in Norway, which typically circulates in the winter months (November to April).
- Pandemic Influenza: Occasionally, new strains of the influenza virus can lead to global pandemics, such as the H1N1 pandemic in 2009.
- Influenza Viruses: There are two primary types of influenza viruses that affect humans: Influenza A and Influenza B. Each year, these viruses undergo antigenic drift, causing minor changes that necessitate annual vaccination updates.
Influenza Surveillance in Norway
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) monitors influenza activity through its Influenza Surveillance System, which tracks the spread of the virus, hospitalizations, and the effectiveness of vaccines.
- Laboratory-confirmed cases are reported weekly, and the data is used to track the severity and spread of influenza throughout the country.
Seasonal Patterns
- Influenza in Norway tends to peak between January and March, although sporadic cases can be seen as early as October and as late as May.
- The intensity of the influenza season can vary, with some seasons being more severe than others depending on the predominant viral strains.
Vaccination
- Annual Influenza Vaccination:Norway recommends influenza vaccines annually, especially for high-risk groups. The vaccine is updated each year to match circulating strains. What are the high-risk groups for vaccination:
- Elderly people (65 years and older)
- Pregnant women
- Individuals with chronic illnesses such as asthma, heart disease, and diabetes
- Healthcare workers
- Vaccination coverage in Norway varies, but efforts are made to increase uptake, especially among vulnerable populations.
Impact on Health and Society
- Hospitalizations and Deaths: Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality in Norway each year. The elderly and those with underlying conditions are particularly at risk.
- Complications: Influenza can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and worsening of chronic diseases. Secondary bacterial infections are also common.
Influenza Prevention and Control
- Hygiene Measures: In addition to vaccination, Norway emphasizes basic hygiene measures, such as frequent hand washing, respiratory hygiene (covering coughs and sneezes), and staying home when sick to prevent the spread of the virus.
- Public Health Campaigns: Norwegian health authorities run regular public health campaigns to raise awareness about the importance of vaccination and hygiene practices during flu season.
Research and Development
- Norway is involved in international influenza research eg. The Influenza Centre, contributing to global efforts to study the virus, improve vaccine efficacy, and develop new treatment options.
- Influenza vaccination research: in Norway focuses on improving uptake among high-risk groups and evaluating the effectiveness of different vaccine formulations.
Resources
External Resource
- Latest publication in Cristin
- Ongoing projects listed in Projektbanken