Mycoplasma
Mycoplasma are small, typically between 0.1 to 0.3 micrometers in diameter, and are pleomorphic, meaning they can vary in shape example: spherical, ovoid, or even branched under a microscope. This feature allows them to squeeze through tight spaces and avoid some antibiotics, especially those that target cell walls, like penicillin. They are unique in that they lack a cell wall, unlike most bacteria, which gives them unusual flexibility and resilience.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections have been on the rise in Europe, including Norway, following a recent trend of increased cases across multiple countries (Figure 1). Known for causing respiratory infections such as "walking pneumonia", Mycoplasma pneumoniae primarily affects children and young adults and often results in mild symptoms like a persistent cough and fever. Recently, however, some regions have reported more severe symptoms and a notable rise in hospital visits due to complications, particularly in younger children under age five, a demographic not typically as impacted by Mycoplasma infections in the past.
In Norway, public health authorities are closely monitoring the situation and coordinating with European and U.S. health agencies to understand the potential for antibiotic resistance in these cases. While Mycoplasma pneumoniaeinfections are usually treated with macrolides, resistance to these antibiotics has been observed, particularly in regions like Asia and occasionally in the United States and Europe. Norway's health services are advising vigilance in monitoring symptoms and have issued guidance on treatment practices to address this emerging resistance concern.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae facts in Norway
Outbreak Overview
- Norway is currently experiencing a significant outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
- The outbreak began intensifying in late summer 2023 and has continued into 2024.
- There is over 3,500 cases detected since the beginning of July 2023. The most affected groups are school children between 5-14 years old. However, there is significant number of hospitalized young adults.
- The common symptoms are general cold-like symptoms and persistent cough.
Antibiotic Resistance Concerns
There is growing concern about resistance to macrolide antibiotics (e.g., azithromycin), the first-line treatment for Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Treatment Options
First-Line Antibiotics: Macrolides (e.g., azithromycin, erythromycin) are typically prescribed.
Resources
External Resource
- Latest publication in Cristin
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